Nail fungi (onychomycosis) is the most common disease in which nails turn yellow, become fragile and thick, covered with cracks.In the early stages, the symptoms of nail fungus are barely visible.Treatment of the disease is difficult due to impaired cellular immunity.The disease continues slowly, without progressing the proper treatment and can accompany the patient throughout his life.
Most often, nail fungi are discovered in a man and people with weakened immunity.Patients with diabetes, overweight, face blood vessel pathology and skin diseases undergo diseases.With high sweaty feet, there are more chances of damage to the fungus on the skin of the feet and nails in the legs.
Mushrooms can get on nail plates from clothes, shoes, manicure bands, carpets, flooring.It enters the nails through the skin microcirculation and through the nail bed.It is very very warm and wet: in spirits, baths, closet rooms and pools.In healthy people, the disease rarely develops.
The cause of the disease
Onikomycosis is caused by three types of fungi (one by one or in combination).Most cases of the disease are caused by fungi of the trichophyton rubrum type.Much less often - interdigital trichophyton, epidermophyton hairosum and microsporum and aspergillus.
- Candida albicans type fungus always parasites on the skin and nails.Taking antibiotics, contraceptives and a decrease in immunity can develop yeast infection.
- Mold fungi often cause diseases in countries with tropical climate.
- Earth fungi live on the ground and cause Onichomycosis only in a few people.From person to person is not transmitted.
What is the source of infection
- Diseases in the family and friends can become a source of pathogens for you.
The fungus is transmitted to the family through use by a common towel, slippers, beds, etc. - The fungus in the hands can become a source of nail disease and toes.
- In large numbers, the mushrooms live in bathrooms, shower and pools.
- The source of the infection can be the patient's clothing and shoes, manicure groups, carpets and floors.
Which increases the risk of disease
- Foot fungus.
- Reduction of immunity.
- Family members suffering from loss of fungi.
- Old age.
- Diabetes.
- Presence of microtra and burrs.
- Increased foot sweating.
- Unknown and weak shoes of a quality.
- The custom of walking barefoot in public places.
- Accommodation and work in a wet climate.
- Long transportation lined with artificial nails.
Which affects the development and progression of onycomycosis
- General health.
- Sensitivity to infection.
- Level of humidity and thermal background.
- The type of nail plate (nails on the fingers grow more slowly).
Symptoms of nail fungus
At the beginning of the disease, the usual nail color changes.It becomes dark.A gap in which the fungus appears between him and his bed.
The nail is painted in one of the colors: Whitish-Gray, Yellow, Green and Brown, up to black.Yellow stripes elongated inside the nail and underneath are visible.Stains of different shades.
The nail thickens and deforms over the affected area.Horn masses are gradually increased, preventing drug penetration.
At first, the adult scream is also observed, when the fungus affects the entire nail plate, it begins to destroy and collapse.When processing, a large amount of "waste" is formed consisting of destroyed fragments and epidermis.Often there is damage to the surrounding skin.
Forms of onycomycosis
- Distal submarine onychomycosis.
- Side onycomycosis.
- Onikomycosis of the white surface.
- Onycomycosis of proximal trays.
- Total dystrophic onycomycosis.
Distal submarine and side onycomycosis
This form of the disease is more common.Up to 90% of cases, its cause is Trichophyton rubrum fungus.The nail plate infection begins at the free edge from the affected skin of the foot.First, the nail bed is affected.The type of damage resembles a piece or a stained yellow color.As the disease progresses, the nail thickens and can be separated or separated from the skin.The distal submarine onycomycosis is difficult to treat.Wearing shoe causes discomfort.
White surface
The second most common form of onycomycosis.In 90% of cases, the disease is caused by the genus of the genus Trichophyton interdigital, which only affects the upper layer of the nail plate, which never thickens and is not separated from the skin.Over time, its entire surface becomes loose, like chalk powder.Cure occurs quickly.
Onycomycosis of proximal trays
This form of onycomycosis is rare.Red trichophyte in the blood and lymph paths spread throughout the body.This is evidenced by nail damage from the back (proximal) and detecting the pathogen in the lymph nodes of the inguinal region and secretion of the prostate gland.The disease is often recorded in the infected HIV.The loss begins with the skin in the nail nail area, which thickens.Further, the nail plate is included in the process, which acquires a dark white color.
Total dystrophic onycomycosis
This form of the disease is a consequence of the progression of one or a group of types of above forms of onycomycosis.The nail plate is partially or completely destroyed.
Diseases with similar symptoms
Of all infectious diseases, onycomycosis is found in 50% of cases.Similar symptoms are found in the following diseases:
- Eczema
- Psoriasis.
- Reuters syndrome.
- Daria disease.
- Flat liqueur.
- Norwegian scabies.
Diagnosis of nail fungus
To get information about what caused certain changes, you should consult a dermatologist who organizes the procedure for diagnosing the disease.Scraping from the affected part will be sent to the laboratory to clarify the causes of the disease.
Microscopy will identify the presence of a fungus, and planting in a nourishing medium will highlight the pure pathogenic culture and determine the sensitivity to antifungal drugs.
Before starting treatment, it is necessary to identify the type of infection. The nail fungus on the legs are easier to warn.Examine the legs and nails in the legs more often.Treating early onset will help to achieve rapid improvement, reduce sense of disturbance and eliminate cosmetic effect.